West wind drift is a cold southern hemisphere ocean current that runs west to east, generally between 40 and 60 degrees south latitude. She also has a certificate in science writing from Stanford University. When approximately half of India's population works in agriculture and agriculture makes up eighteen percent of India's GDP, according to Stratfor, for example, the shifting in both timing of a monsoon and the amount of rain, can lead to big problems. Monsoon Current, also called Monsoon Drift, surface current of the northern Indian Ocean. Typically, monsoon season is the months of July, August, and September. Ocean currents are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds. Figure 2.3 shows that these wind conditions are not typical of either season of the year. The word Kuroshio refers to Black Stream. For example, the heat source involved in the Indian summer monsoon resides over the Plateau of Tibet and the eastern foothills of the Himalayas, while the heat sink occurs over the southern Indian Ocean and Madagascar, a region where relatively cloud-free air cools by emitting infrared, or long-wave, radiation into space. The Somali arid Arabian regions of upwelling are the most vigorous in (he Indian Ocean (Figure 5.131. Tides are demarcated as the rise and fall of the sea level. Typically, monsoon season is the months of July, August, and September. If you are caught in a lightning storm without shelter: Keep an eye on conditions at all times. (B) 2, 3 and 4 Final moments of dinosaur and mammal's epic 'mortal combat' battle preserved by volcanic eruption, 400,000-year-old mammoth tusk found sticking out of the ground in English quarry, 40 human skulls found in Kentucky apartment linked to national network of body part dealers. Between West Greenland and Baffin Island, the cold Labrador Current drifts south-eastwards until it meets the warm Gulf Stream off the coast of Newfoundland. North East Monsoon Drift flows in the Indian Ocean during winter season.,3. The current branches in three directions from the North Atlantic: eastwards to Britain, northwards to the Arctic, and southwards along the Iberian coast. Many of these diseases are spread though water systems that have been overloaded and have been unable to clean the water used for drinking, cleaning, and so on. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Fill the form again here, Your email address will not be published. The current flows in a clockwise direction from east to west around Antarctica. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. (A) Canary current This is a typical monsoon pattern for this region. While many of the most well-known monsoons are in Asia, monsoons can happen anywhere there is a seasonal difference in temperature between the land and water. When the current reaches Africas west coast, it is rerouted northward as the frigid Benguela Current (the counterpart of the Canaries Current). engineering. The site owner may have set restrictions that prevent you from accessing the site. But in general, the changing tides can influence the behaviors of many marine species. It flows south of the Arctic Ocean via the Bering Sea in the North Pacific Ocean while originating from the same Arctic Ocean. Current records for 2016 indicate that total rainfall between June 1 and September 30 is 97.3 percent of the seasonal normal. Select the correct answer using the code given below-. Updates? Diseases such as cholera, dengue, malaria, as well as stomach and eye infections are also more prevalent in the summers with heavier rains according to World Monsoons. The Falkland Current is a branch of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, The heat was being caused by a high-pressure ridge over the West, Wofford said. 1. (D) Peruvian. For Example, in the partially enclosed Mediterranean Sea, there is a great difference in salinity between the waters of the open Atlantic Ocean and those of the Mediterranean Sea. Ocean Currents: Pacific and the Indian Ocean: UPSC Note on - Unacademy The warm equatorial waters move slowly along the surface towards the pole, while the heavier cold waters of the polar regions move along the bottom of the sea towards the equator. The Equatorial Current joins the West Wind Drift, which flows eastwards and turns equatorward as the West Australian Current, before turning southwards past Madagascar as the Agulhas or Mozambique Current. The North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, and Indian Ocean gyres are the five major ocean-wide gyres. https://www.britannica.com/place/Monsoon-Current. Gulf Stream. The westerlies are, however, less reliable than the Trade Winds.. Ocean currents: Forces Responsible For Ocean Currents - PMF IAS Gulf current, an ocean current, occurs in which of the following oceans? As the stuck plate continues to descend into the mantle, the motion causes a slow distortion of the overriding plate. Air pressure and wind (A) Peruvian Current (Hamboldt Current) The sun, the moon, and the earth are in the same line during the full moon and new moon days and the tides are highest. This leads to a dry period. They bring warm water to cold water areas and are mostly found on the eastern continents. Monsoon | Meteorology, Climate & Effects | Britannica Flood Management in India, Mitigation st Public Sector Undertakings in India, Typ for UPSC 25 July 2023, Daily Current Affairs for UPSC 25 July 2023, Editorial of the Day: A big step in reducing the risk of disasters (The Hindu), Global Report on the Food Crises (GRFC) 2023, Current Affairs 25th July 2023 for UPSC Prelims Exam. Question 10. No. the eastern Pacific, India experienced normal monsoon conditions. North-East Monsoon Current (Warm): North-east monsoon winds blow from land to the ocean during winter season in the northern hemisphere and thus westward blowing north-east monsoon currents are produced between Andman and Somali (fig. The North Pacific current circulates anti-clockwise direction along the Western North Pacific Ocean. Although many of the most well-known monsoons are in Asia, the U.S. Southwest also regularly experiences monsoon season. The low-level atmospheric jet mentioned in the previous Section (Figure 5.1 b is thought to play an important role in the generation of the intense coastal upwelling ihut occurs off Somalia during the South-West Monsoon. (B) Kuroshio Unlike other western boundary currents, the Agulhas Current shows little seasonal variation, averaging speeds of 1,6 ms'1 throughout the year, and exceeding 2.5 in s1 in mosl months. Monsoon season in North America brings rainfall primarily to northern Mexico, Arizona, and New Mexico, and to a smaller extent to parts of Utah, Colorado, southern California and Baja California, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (A) Agulhas Current The out-flowing arctic winds blow these chilly waters south. (D) South Atlantic Ocean. Is Kuroshio a cold current or warm current? We will address this question in the next Section, but we cannot leave the Indian Ocean without considering a western boundary current which is even more powerful than the Somali Current during the South-West Monsoon. Some see in this climatic pattern a true monsoon, but it is obvious that it is only an embryo monsoon that results in weather singularities. This sub-arctic ocean current circulates in an anti-clockwise direction. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Likewise, the heat source for the Australian summer monsoon resides over the area in which many meteorologists call the Maritime Continent, a region made up of parts of Southeast Asia and the islands of Indonesia and the Philippines, while the heat sink resides over Siberia. The Brazilian current flows along the south coast of Brazil till Rio de la Palta. Stay out of flooded areas - water may still be rising and the current is swift. (A) Benguela and Falkland In the summer, warm air rising off the land creates conditions that reverse the direction of the wind. Look for a rainbow overhead and listen as the birds start to sing again. Professor of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee. El-Nino - EI-Nino is a complex weather system that appears once every three to seven years, bringing drought, floods and other weather extremes to different parts of the world. Along with the cold current, the Oyashio current, it forms an ideal area for fishermen in Japanese coastal areas. The region experiences a very strong Upwelling. The current is also known as Malvinas Current. (B) Canary and Hamboldt In general, in the Indian Ocean the Undercurrent seems to be a stronger and more persistent flow in the western part of the ocean than in the central or eastern parts. https://www.britannica.com/science/monsoon. The existence of an Undercurrent depends on there being wind stress towards the west, to drive a westward surface current and hence cause a sea-surface slope up to the west; this would provide an eastward horizontal pressure gradient force to drive an eastward current below the wind-driven layer. After reading it we have to understand the basic requirement of the question and with that choose the correct answer. According to a study by Yen Yi Loo, Lawal Billa, and Ajit Singh, a group of scientists from Malaysia, published in Geoscience Frontiers in 2015, the effects of global warming on a monsoon can potentially be devastating due to frequent shifts and changes in precipitation levels and timelines. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. On that note, we have covered this topic exclusively for students preparing for the UPSC and IAS exams. Seasonal changes in temperature are large over land but small over ocean waters, and monsoons blow from atmospheric heat sinks (that is, cold regions with high atmospheric pressure) toward heat sources (warm regions characterized by low atmospheric pressure). However, it now appears that instead of the strength of El Nio, it is in fact the location of the warming. B) Surface currents transport cold water toward the poles. With all of the ongoing research, perhaps the problems can turn into solutions. The latitude is too high for a true monsoon to arise. Dry monsoons tend to be less powerful than their summer counterparts. The water of Earthcloser to the moon is drawn under the influence of the gravitational force of the moon which creates a high tide. When the sun, the moon, and the earth are in a straight line, the height of the tide will be higher. There are many factors that are being researched in order to determine and predict the onset of the monsoon along with what the study calls the "flavor of the monsoon," which includes the strength and amount of rainfall. Which of the following ocean currents does not belong to Indian Ocean? Medium. Warm currents transport warm water from low to high latitudes and are most commonly seen on the east coasts of continents in the low and intermediate latitudes (true in both hemispheres). The current is also called North Equatorial Countercurrent. The Short Answer: A monsoon is a shift in winds that often causes a very rainy season or a very dry season. It is a Cold current of the Atlantic Ocean. These are winds that drive the system of surface currents in the ocean. 1. Though shallow, they are extremely important in determining the world's weather and climates, and in distributing the ocean's heat and nutrients. While the monsoon in North America is not as strong as those in India due to a lower and smaller plateau, the same patterns are followed. The Gulf stream is one of the strongest ocean currents. Joining with the southeast trades, which at this time cross the Equator and veer to the southwest, it reverses the flow of the current, pushing the Southwest Monsoon Drift eastward and sending branches north into the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, as a major western boundary current with surface current velocities as high as 9 miles (14 km) per hour. While the threat of flash floods and lightning strikes can seem overwhelming, monsoon season can also be a beautiful time of year. Weather satellites, such as those in the GOES-R series are constantly keeping an eye on Earths weather. Additional InformationList of Ocean Currents of the World: The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called ______. The ocean current different from the remaining three is, (A) Benguela The average wind speeds in Meghalaya during peak summer monsoon season average 4 kilometers per second and typically vary between 1 and 7 kilometers per hour, according to Meteoblue. The correct answer isBoth (A) and (B) are true. Incorrect details? Ocean Currents Map. While studying for her undergraduate degree, Rachel also taught an introduction to astronomy lab and worked with a research astronomer. The result is an accumulation of energy very similar to the energy stored in a compressed spring. The correct answer isCalifornia Current. (a) Gulf Stream The winds shift because the temperature of the land and the temperature of the water are different as seasons change. Indian North Equatorial Current flows southwest and west, crossing the Equator. The California Current is an extension of the Aleutian Current that flows along the west coast of North America in a southward direction. The east-flowing Equatorial Counter Current lies between the North and South Equatorial Currents. For further information on prominent monsoon regions, see Indian monsoon, West African monsoon, Malaysian-Australian monsoon, and North American monsoon. A 2004 report was presented by NOAA describing studies on the North American Monsoon System. Waves Waves are a kind of horizontal movement of ocean water. and weather events in these regions last a few days as high- and low-pressure systems drift slowly eastward, rearranging the locations of warmer and . Equatorial counter current does not flow in the Indian Ocean during winter . Ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean include the below-given currents: The Literal meaning of the word 'Tsunami' is:, Tsunami is a Japanese word with the English translation, "harbour wave. The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity, within the interconnected network of oceans and is an important part of the heat and freshwater fluxes of the global climate. irregularities in the evaporation of seawater; December is a summer month in Peru (Southern Hemisphere). 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Central & East-Central Equatorial Pacific. It is a massive movement of ocean water caused and influenced by a number of forces. [12] A study of marine plankton suggested that the South Asian Monsoon (SAM) strengthened around 5 million years ago. Ibn Khorda/heh noted (in sailing instructions for masters of dhows carrying slaves from east Africa to Oman) thai "the sea flows during (he summer months to the north-east', and 'during the w inter months to the south-west*. Because many farmers cannot grow their own food or produce extra to sell, food is imported from other areas of the world. Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health, Best exercises to stop aging, keep muscles, keep brain healthy. Drifts are movement of surface water of low velocity influenced by prevailing winds, currents are movement of oceanic water in definite direction and greater velocity and streams are larger mass of water moving in a definite direction and much greater velocity than the drifts and currents. The complexity of the surface circulation of the Indian Ocean, which contrasts with the relative simplicity of the gyral systems of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, is a result of the frequency and rapidity with which the overlying wind system changes. But there is a difference: a monsoon is not a single storm; rather, it is a seasonal wind shift over a . Would you expect there to be an Equatorial Undercurrent in the Indian Ocean? The Barzil-Malvinas Confluence zone is created by the mixing of the Falkland cold current and the warm Brazil current. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Monsoons also occur in southern parts of North America, in Central America, northern areas of South America, and in western Africa. Which one of the following is a cold ocean current ? The warm, moist air then condenses and becomes rain. Ocean Surface Currents | manoa.hawaii.edu/ExploringOurFluidEarth The GOES-16 weather satellite captured this imagery of water vapor moving into the U.S. Southwest in August 2018. Trick:Be Humble Australia can call Law Officer at Green Falkland. (C) 1, 3 and 4 As a result, there is a minor gradient, and water flows down the slope. Deep waters sink into deep ocean basins at high latitudes when temperatures are cold enough to cause the density to rise. This completes the present circulation in the South Atlantic. A 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4 Medium Solution Verified by Toppr Correct option is C) The Humboldt Current, also called the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current. The result is a period of humidity and heavy rainfall that can last for months. The Canaries Current, which flows southward, finally combines with the North Equatorial Current, completing the clockwise circuit in the North Atlantic Ocean. (D) 1 2 4 3. Normally, there is a seven-day interval between the spring tides and neap tides. The East Australian Current transports the tropical marine fauna to habitats in sub-tropical regions along the southeast Australian coast. Thats when afternoon thunderstorms are most frequent and severe. The mosi spectacular seasonal change is the reversal of the Somali Current, oi l'cast Africa This reversal has been known about for centuries In the ninth century. In each period, the amount of rain received is higher than average resulting in many floods or lower than average resulting in droughts. No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. (a) Planetary winds (c) Gravitational pull Brazil current Peru current (d) trough (b) Rotation of the Earth (d) Revolution of the Earth Thunderstorms with heavy rain can cause severe flooding in canyons. The Brazilian current joins the cold Falkland Current at the Argentine Sea making it a temperate sea. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Another part of the Cayenne current heads northwards east of the Antilles as the Gulf Stream. Below is the Map of Various Ocean Currents: The Current is named after Prussian naturalist and Geographer- Alexander Von Humboldt. We are not permitting internet traffic to Byjus website from countries within European Union at this time. To download, General Studies PDF, please fill the form. The Western Australian Current is otherwise known as West Wind Drift. Question 11. The long-term data suggest that the monsoon trends may turn from being in a low rain period that began in approximately 1970 to a higher rain period. Which one of the following factors is responsible for the change in the regular direction of the ocean currents in the Indian Ocean? (B) Portugal 11, 2023, 10:51 PM ET (AP) Across the US Southwest, people in desert cities like Phoenix are enduring an extreme heat wave monsoon, a major wind system that seasonally reverses its directionsuch as one that blows for approximately six months from the northeast and six months from the southwest. By mid-September, winds are once again blowing from the west, marking the end of the monsoon. (B) Hamboldt Current North Pacific Ocean Source: NASA West Wind Drift. Read the given statements about high tides and identify which among the following is/ are correct? Gravity tends to pull the water down to pile and create gradient variation. If you hear a clap of thunder, seek immediate shelter. Monsoon winds always blow from cold to warm. India's monsoon rains were 14 percent above normal in August 2011. The intensity and duration of these rains, however, are not uniform from year to year. It is a rapid flow of snow, icedown a hill or mountainside. 2. A dry monsoon typically occurs between October and April. Energy can accumulate in the overriding plate over a long period of time - decades or even centuries. However, considerable research, which culminated in the Southwest Arizona Monsoon Project (SWAMP) in 1990 and 1993, established the fact that a bonafide monsoon, characterized by large-scale wind and rainfall shifts in the summer, develops over much of . Which of the following ocean currents is associated with the Indian Ocean? D) Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres." E) Surface currents concentrate warm water in the center of the gyre at mid latitudes. The thicknesses of the lines indicate the relative intensities of the flows. The most significant effect on the flow of ocean currents is that of planetary winds. A monsoon is caused by a seasonal shift in the winds. The Antilles Current is a part of the North Atlantic gyre. (a) Gulf stream (c) crest (b) (c) Monsoon drift (d) What is the main cause for the occurrence of tides? Thus, we can say thatthe Agulhas current is not a cold ocean current. It originates in the Bering Sea and flows south-west off the Kuril Islands to meet the Kuroshio Current east of northern Japan. Waves and ocean currents are horizontal movements of ocean waters while the tides are due to vertical movement of the ocean waters. Never drive into a flooded roadway find an alternate route or be patient and wait for the flooding to stop. The Florida Current emerges from the Florida Strait between Florida and Cuba as part of the current entering Mexicos Gulf. (B) Kuroshio Current Figure 5.12 Surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean, as deduced from ships' drift data. Do. The Canary Current, also known as Eastern Boundary Current, is a part of the North Atlantic Gyre. Explanation: Peru Current is a cold-water current found in southeast Pacific Ocean. The Somali Current is similar to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean. The Gulf Stream splits into North Atlantic Drift (crossing Northern Europe & southern stream) and Canary Current (recirculating of West Africa). (D) Humboldt. At this time of year, upwelling also occurs off Arabia, both along the coast where the north-easterly current diverges from it. B) Surface currents transport cold water toward the poles.